Secular Architecture
The
colonial attention towards Indian architecture was mainly focused towards
religious buildings and hence there is much scholarship in this area. In recent
times, the secular production of India is gaining the attention it merits.
Cities of the desert region in the North such as Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, towns such
as Srirangam in Tamil Nadu evolving around the temple as nucleus, the stepped
wells of Gujarat, the vernacular architecture of the warm, humid area of
Kerala- all these are unique in their response to socio-cultural and geographic
context.
Architecture under the Colonial Rule
With
colonization, a new chapter began. Though the Dutch, Portuguese and the French
made substantial forays, it was the English who had a lasting impact.
The
architecture of the colonial period varied from the beginning attempts at
creating authority through classical prototypes to the later approach of
producing a supposedly more responsive image through what is now termed
Indo-Saracenic architecture- a mixture of Hindu, Islamic and Western elements.
Institutional, civic and utilitarian buildings such as post offices, railway
stations, etc., began to be built in large numbers over the whole empire.
Perhaps the most famous example is the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) in
Mumbai, originally named in honor of Queen Victoria. The creation of New Delhi
in early 20th century with its broad tree lined roads and majestic buildings
generated lots of debate on what should be an appropriate architecture for
India.
Post-independence architecture of
India
With
the introduction of Modern Architecture into India and later with Independence,
the quest was more towards progress as a paradigm fuelled by Nehru’s visions.
The planning of Chandigarh- a city where most architects hate/love- by Le
Corbusier was considered a step towards this. Later as modernism exhausted
itself in the West and new directions were sought for, in India too there was a
search for a more meaningful architecture rooted in the Indian context. This
direction called Critical Regionalism is exemplified in the works of architects
such as B.V. Doshi, Charles Correa, etc.,
Conclusion
Indian
architecture as it stands today is a pluralistic body of production that cannot
in all justice be exemplified by the approaches, buildings and architects cited
above. It has evolved over the centuries and has been affected by numerous
invaders who have brought different styles from their motherlands. But it is an
unavoidable fact that certain expressions tend to get magnified and others reduce
when set against the vast canvas of the world.
References:
https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Archit/Archit.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_India
http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-architecture/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_India
http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-architecture/